Belgian Journal of Paediatrics
Challenges in Diagnosing and Treating Early-Stage Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: about an Invasive Group A Streptococcal Case Report
Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026), Case reports
Vol. 28 No. 2 (2026)

Challenges in Diagnosing and Treating Early-Stage Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: about an Invasive Group A Streptococcal Case Report

Case reports
Published 2026-09-01
Lauren-Ange Djia Meyapyali
Student, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5045-8402
Magali Dodemont
Department of Clinical Biology, Delta Hospital, CHIREC, Brussels, Belgium
Aurélie D'Hondt
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0158-7678
Laurence Goffin
Department of Paediatrics, Delta Hospital, CHIREC and Department of Paediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels and Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7560-5261
Sophie Blumental
Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Delta Hospital, CHIREC, Brussels and Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-3420
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Keywords

Group A Streptococcal Infections
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
Hemodynamics
Abscess
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Intravenous Immunoglobulins
Child

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How to Cite

Djia Meyapyali, L.-A., Dodemont, M., D’Hondt, A., Goffin, L., & Blumental, S. (2026). Challenges in Diagnosing and Treating Early-Stage Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: about an Invasive Group A Streptococcal Case Report. Belgian Journal of Paediatrics, 28(2), 187–192. Retrieved from https://www.belgjpaediatrics.com/index.php/bjp/article/view/433
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Abstract

We report the case of a 7-year-old girl with severe torticollis caused by invasive Group A Streptococcal infection (iGAS) complicated by early Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS). Despite the absence of hypotension, she developed multiorgan damage. Imaging revealed multiple abscess at the base of the skull. Rapid intravenous antibiotics and supportive care led to full recovery. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of atypical STSS and emphasizes the importance of early recognition and treatment, particularly given the recent rise in pediatric iGAS cases across Europe following the COVID-19 pandemic.

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