Sleep and epilepsy

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep and epilepsy have a bidirectional relationship. Children with epilepsy have a higher prevalence of sleep problems. In turn, these sleep disturbances can exacerbate seizures, contribute to cognitive and behavioral disturbances and impact the quality of life of both children and families. In this study we explored the prevalence and nature of sleep problems in children with epilepsy and its impact on parents.

Methods: A validated sleep questionnaire was presented to the parents of children with epilepsy (aged between 6 months and 18 years).

Results: Parents of 106 children (59 males, 47 females) completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 8.4 years (SD ± 5.1). Chronic insomnia was present in 21% of the patients, and an additional 37% experienced mild settling or night waking problems. Most children experienced problems maintaining sleep, while difficulties related to sleep initiation were less frequent (54% versus 13%). The prevalence of sleep problems decreased with age. Sleep difficulties have a serious impact on the parents, with 64% of the parents experiencing a negative influence from the sleep problems of their child, with daytime fatigue, concentration problems but also feelings of incompetency, irritability, or even depressive feelings.

Conclusion: One out of 5 children with epilepsy has a chronic insomnia, mainly due to problems related to waking up during the night. Settling problems are less frequent. The impact of these sleep problems for children and their parents is huge. Screening for sleep problems should be part of the integrative care of children with epilepsy.